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Processes and Jobs

Summary: One of the most basic operations of an operating system is scheduling and control of processes or jobs (programs).

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general information
linking
loading
run/execute

General

An operating system treats programs as processes or jobs.

linking

Most of the older mainframe and mainframe-derived operating systems have a facility to link together various modules to make an executable image (working object or machine code). This linking can be be done statically as part of the compilation process or can be done dynamically at the time the program is loaded into main memory (or even a combination of the two approaches).

load

A program must be loaded into main (or working) memory before it can run on a particular processor inside the computer. An important aspect of an operating system is scheduling which programs are loaded into main memory and ready for execution.

In CP/M (an early microcomputer OS), a small program called the Monitor is loaded into memory when the computer is started and remains in memory until the computer is shutdown. The Monitor will load a new program at the user’s request and run the program by using the call (jump to subroutine) instruction.

run

Any program that is loaded into memory can be run or executed. The operating system keeps track of which program is running, schedules each candidate program, and in a multiprocessing system will continually swap between programs to give the appearance that multiple programs are running simultaneously.

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Last Updated: September 13, 2006

Created: September 13, 2006

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