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character set

summary

    Each language has at least one character set, the characters that are legally allowed in programs.

    A source character set is the character set used for writing source code.

    An execution character set is a character set used when a program is running and usually includes any characters that may appear in either input or putput.

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character set

    Each language has at least one character set, the characters that are legally allowed in programs.

    A source character set is the character set used for writing source code.

    An execution character set is a character set used when a program is running and usually includes any characters that may appear in either input or output.

    The first computer keyboards were usually teletypes or teletype-compaible. These early keyboards traced back to closely related keyboards used for telegraph networks.

    The code used for these teletypes was based on a code invented by Frenchman Emile Baudot in 1870. Only the original code was Baudot Code, but in slang all subsequent codes were also called Baudot Code.

    Baudot Code uses five bits, which allows 32 different character codes. Using two characters to indicate a shift between interpretations (letter shift and figures shift), it was possible to encode all of the capital letters, the decimal digits, a few punctuation marks, and special control codes.

    The resulting character set explains the small character sets of several early programming languages, such as BASIC, COBOL, FORTRAN, LISP, and PL/I.

    Baudot includes ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ and 012345678, as well as punctuation -$',!:(")#&./;+= and control codes: Space, Bell, Carriage Return (CR), and Line Feed (LF). Not all teletypes had += or ;"

Binary	Decimal	Hex	Octal	Letter	U.S. Figures	CCITT No. 2 Figures
00000	0	0	0	N/A	N/A	N/A
00001	1	1	1	E	3	3
00010	2	2	2	LF	LF	LF
00011	3	3	3	A	-	-
00100	4	4	4	Space	Space	Space
00101	5	5	5	S	BELL	'
00110	6	6	6	I	8	8
00111	7	7	7	U	7	7
01000	8	8	10	CR	CR	CR
01001	9	9	11	D	$	WRU
01010	10	A	12	R	4	4
01011	11	B	13	J	'	Bell
01100	12	C	14	N	,	,
01101	13	D	15	F	!	!
01110	14	E	16	C	:	:
01111	15	F	17	K	(	(
10000	16	10	20	T	5	5
10001	17	11	21	Z	"	+
10010	18	12	22	L	)	)
10011	19	13	23	W	2	2
10100	20	14	24	H	#	£
10101	21	15	25	Y	6	6
10110	22	16	26	P	0	0
10111	23	17	27	Q	1	1
11000	24	18	30	O	9	9
11001	25	19	31	B	?	?
11010	26	1A	32	G	&	&
11011	27	1B	33	Figures Shift	Figures Shift	Figures Shift
11100	28	1C	34	M	.	.
11101	29	1D	35	X	/	/
11110	30	1E	36	V	;	=
11111	31	1F	37	Letters Shift	Letters Shift	Letters Shift

name	C	PL/I
	A	A
	B	B
	C	C
	D	D
	E	E
	F	F
	G	G
	H	H
	I	I
	J	J
	K	K
	L	L
	M	M
	N	N
	O	O
	P	P
	Q	Q
	R	R
	S	S
	T	T
	U	U
	V	V
	W	W
	X	X
	Y	Y
	Z	Z
name	C	PL/I
	a
	b
	c
	d
	e
	f
	g
	h
	i
	j
	k
	l
	m
	n
	o
	p
	q
	r
	s
	t
	u
	v
	w
	x
	y
	z
name	C	PL/I
	0	0
	1	1
	2	2
	3	3
	4	4
	5	5
	6	6
	7	7
	8	8
	9	9
name	C	PL/I
alert bell	\a ANSI
backspace BS	\b formatting character
horizontal tab HT	\t formatting character
vertical tab VT	\v formatting character
form feed FF	\f< formatting character/td>
carriage return CR	\r formatting character
space blank
exclamation point	!
double quote	" \"
number sign	#
dollar sign	$ extra graphic
percent sign	%	%
ampersand	&	& AND symbol
apostrophe single quotation mark	' \'	'
left parenthesis	(	(
right parenthesis	)	)
asterisk	*	* multiplication symbol
plus sign	+	+
comma	,	,
hyphen or minus sign	-	-
period point	.	.
slash forward slash	/	/ divide symbol
colon	:	:
semicolon	:	;
less than	<	<
equal	=	= also assignment symbol
greater than	>	>
question mark	? \? ANSI	?
at sign	@ extra graphic
left bracket	[
backslash	\ \\
right bracket	]
circumflex	^
underscore	_	_ break character
accent grave	` extra graphic
left brace	[
vertical bar stroke	|	| OR symbol
right brace	]
tilde	~
NOT symbol		¬
null	must equal zero
newline end-of-line marker	\n

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